Quartz countertops have become an increasingly popular choice for kitchen and bathroom remodeling projects in recent years. But what exactly are quartz countertops made from? Here is an in-depth look at the composition and manufacturing process of quartz countertops.
What is Quartz?
Quartz is a mineral that is found abundantly in nature. It is composed of silicon and oxygen atoms and is the second most common mineral in the Earth’s continental crust, after feldspar. Quartz is extremely durable and heat resistant, making it an ideal material for countertops.
The most common variety of quartz used in countertops is engineered quartz. Engineered quartz is made from roughly 90% ground natural quartz crystals combined with polyester resins and pigments. The quartz provides strength and heat resistance, while the resins bind the material together into a firm, non-porous surface.
Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process of quartz countertops involves several steps:
1. Sourcing the Raw Materials
The quartz manufacturer sources high purity quartz crystals and other raw materials like polyester resins and pigments. The quality of the final product depends on the purity of the sourced quartz.
2. Crushing the Quartz
The quartz crystals are crushed into a fine powder. This increases the surface area of the quartz for better binding with the resins.
3. Mixing with Resins and Pigments
The quartz powder is combined with polyester resins and pigments in specific ratios and mixed thoroughly. The resins bind the quartz particles together while the pigments introduce color. Different pigments create different colors and patterns like granite-look or marble-look.
4. Molding into Slabs
The mixture is molded into thick slabs under intense vibration and pressure. The slabs are typically 1.2 to 2 cm thick. This compacting minimizes air pockets and creates an even, dense material.
5. Curing and Polishing
The slabs are cured in ovens or at room temperature. This hardens the resins to produce a glossy, non-porous surface. The slabs are then polished to achieve a smooth, shiny finish. Some textures may be added at this stage to mimic natural stone.
6. Fabrication and Installation
The slabs are cut to required sizes and shapes using advanced stoneworking tools. Holes for sinks etc. are cut out. The fabricated pieces are installed on countertops using adhesive. Joints between pieces are sealed to create a seamless finish.
Key Properties
Some of the key properties of quartz that make it suitable for countertops:
- Extremely durable surface resistant to scratches, stains, heat and chips. Does not easily crack or break.
- Non-porous so resists moisture, stains and growth of bacteria/mold. Low maintenance.
- Available in a wide range of colors and patterns that mimic natural stone.
- Does not require regular sealing unlike natural stone.
- Resists heat up to 212°F. Suitable for installation around stoves.
- Can be fabricated into custom shapes and sizes.
So in summary, quartz countertops are manufactured by blending ground quartz crystals with resins and pigments. This creates a durable, attractive, and low-maintenance surface perfect for kitchens and bathrooms. The customizability and resistance to heat, stains and damage make quartz an ideal countertop material.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is quartz natural stone?
No, quartz countertops are engineered stone made from roughly 90% ground quartz bound with resins. They only mimic the look of natural stone like granite or marble.
Is a quartz countertop better than granite?
Quartz is harder, more durable and lower maintenance than natural granite. It resists scratches, stains and heat better than granite. But granite has a more distinctive, natural look that some homeowners prefer.
How long do quartz countertops last?
With proper care and maintenance, quartz countertops can easily last 15-20 years or longer before needing replacement. The resins make quartz more durable than natural stone.
Can you cut on quartz countertops?
Yes, quartz is almost as hard as diamond, so it resists cuts and scratches from regular kitchen use. But using a cutting board is still recommended to keep the surface free of marks.
Do quartz countertops stain?
Quartz has very low porosity, so it resists most stains from spills like wine, coffee and oil. But prolonged exposure can cause very light staining. Quick cleanup of spills prevents absorption.
Is quartz cheaper than granite?
On average, both granite and quartz cost within the same price range – $60-$120 per square foot installed. Quartz costs a bit more than granite for the slab, but does not require annual sealing which helps offset the price.
Conclusion
Quartz is quickly becoming a highly sought-after alternative to granite and marble countertops due to its superior durability, resistance to heat/stains, and low maintenance. By blending ground natural quartz with resins and pigments, manufacturers are able to create custom engineered slabs that mimic the look of natural stone. With proper care, quartz countertops can serve as beautiful, functional centerpieces in kitchens and bathrooms for many years. Their composition gives them significant advantages over natural stone that explain their surging popularity for home renovations.