Introduction
Quartz countertops, sometimes referred to as engineered stone countertops, are made from crushed quartz combined with resin and pigments. The end result is a man-made material that looks like natural stone but has enhanced properties. Quartz countertops are non-porous, stain resistant, scratch resistant, and heat resistant – making them an excellent choice for busy kitchens.
What is Quartz Made Of?
The key ingredients in a quartz countertop are:
Crushed Quartz
- Quartz is one of the hardest minerals found in nature, rated 7 out of 10 on the Mohs mineral hardness scale.
- Crushed quartz makes up over 90% of a quartz countertop by weight. It forms the structure and strength of the material.
- Quartz crystals come in a variety of colors, but are often white or clear.
Polymer Resins
- Resins act as a binder to hold the crushed quartz together.
- Common resins used include polyester, epoxy, and acrylic.
- Resins determine the viscosity of the slurry mixture and how well it flows into a mold.
Pigments
- Pigments are added to the quartz mixture to achieve different colors and patterns.
- Typical pigments used include synthetic iron oxides for reds, blacks, and browns.
- The quantity and type of pigment alters the appearance of the final countertop.
Other Additives
- Extra additives can be added such as recycled glass, mirrors, semi-precious stone chips, etc.
- These additives contribute to the countertop’s color, pattern, and durability.
How are Quartz Countertops Made?
Quartz countertops are made in factories under closely controlled conditions to achieve consistent results. Here is the basic manufacturing process:
1. Crushing the Quartz
Large blocks of quarried quartz are crushed into smaller pieces using heavy machinery. These smaller pieces are then crushed further into a fine quartz powder.
2. Mixing with Resins and Pigments
The quartz powder is combined with liquid polymer resins, pigments, and any other additives in a large mixing vat. The ratio of resin to quartz can vary between brands, but is typically around 7% to 15% polymer resins.
3. Molding the Mixture
The quartz mixture is poured into molds and compacted under vibration and pressure. This removes any air pockets within the material.
4. Curing in a Kiln
The filled molds are transferred to a curing kiln where they cook at high temperatures. The heat hardens the resins to bind the quartz particles into a uniform slab.
5. Finishing and Polishing
Once cured, the slabs are finished by trimming and polishing. Computer-guided machines ensure precision cutting and a consistent thickness. Varying grits of polishing pads are used to achieve the desired surface shine.
6. Inspection and Packaging
The quartz countertop slabs are rigorously inspected for any defects, then sealed and packaged for distribution.
The Benefits of Quartz Countertops
There are many advantages that make quartz a leading countertop choice:
- Durable – Quartz is harder and more scratch resistant than natural stone. The resin binder makes it less prone to cracks and chips.
- Low Maintenance – Quartz resists stains, etching, and water damage. It does not require ongoing sealing or polishing.
- Hygienic – The non-porous surface inhibits bacterial growth and makes cleaning easier.
- Heat Resistant – Quartz can withstand heat up to 212°F, making it safe to place hot pans on.
- Stylish – Quartz comes in a wide array of colors and patterns that mimic granite and marble. The appearance remains consistent over time.
- Non-Toxic – Quartz does not emit radon gas like some natural stones. The resins used are food-safe.
Is a Quartz Countertop Right for You?
Quartz countertops offer an excellent balance of form and function. Their engineered composition allows for colors, patterns, and performance that natural stones cannot match. If you are looking for countertops that are stylish, durable, and low maintenance, quartz should be at the top of your list. Carefully inspect any quartz slabs before purchase to ensure you are satisfied with the color consistency and lack of surface flaws. With proper installation, a quartz countertop will maintain its beauty for many years to come.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is quartz natural stone?
No, quartz countertops are engineered stone made from crushed quartz and resins. They have a man-made composition designed for improved physical properties.
How thick should a quartz countertop be?
A thickness of 2 cm (3/4″) is the minimum recommended, while 3 cm (1 1/4″) is best for a sturdier surface and fewer seams.
Can you repair chips and cracks in a quartz countertop?
You can repair minor chips and cracks using color-matched kits available from quartz manufacturers. But extensive damage may require a professional fabricator.
Does quartz need to be sealed?
No, quartz does not require sealing due to its non-porous nature. Sealing it would have no benefit.
Can quartz countertops harbor bacteria?
Quartz has natural antibacterial properties and their non-porous surface makes it very difficult for bacteria to penetrate. With proper cleaning, bacteria are not a major concern.
Is quartz toxic or dangerous?
Quartz countertops are considered completely safe and non-toxic. They are GREENGUARD certified and meet health standards for kitchen surfaces.
Conclusion
Quartz countertops offer a unique engineered stone that combines the beauty of natural quartz with enhanced durability, low maintenance, and hygiene. By blending crushed quartz with polymer resins and pigments, manufacturers can produce slabs with varied colors, patterns, and performance advantages compared to natural stone counters. Considering their many benefits, quartz countertops are an investment that will elegantly withstand years of use.