What is Engineered Quartz Countertops?

Engineered quartz countertops have become increasingly popular in recent years as an attractive and durable option for kitchen and bathroom remodeling projects. Made from crushed quartz combined with resins and pigments, engineered quartz offers some of the look and feel of natural stone but with enhanced performance characteristics.

What is Quartz?

Quartz is one of the hardest minerals found in nature, made up of silicon and oxygen atoms. It is commonly found in granite countertops and other natural stones. Quartz is valued for its hardness, making it resistant to scratches, stains and heat.

The key difference with engineered quartz is that it combines ground natural quartz with other materials to create an engineered stone product. The manufacturing process allows the positive attributes of quartz to be combined with the consistency and flexibilty of engineered materials.

How Engineered Quartz Countertops Are Made

Engineered quartz countertops are made through a multi-step manufacturing process that results in a non-porous, highly durable surface:

Quartz crystals – Natural quartz is mined and then crushed into a fine crystal powder. This provides the strength, hardness and look of natural stone.
Pigments – Pigments are added to the crushed quartz to achieve the desired color and pattern. Pigments allow a wide range of color options.
Resins – Resins are used as a binding agent to adhere the crystals together. Polyester or epoxy resins create a durable surface.
Vibration – The quartz material is compacted into slabs using vibration and pressure to remove air pockets and densify the material.
Finishing – The slabs are polished on both sides to create the desired smooth, consistent finish. More abrasive polish brings out the sparkle of the crystals.
Inspection – Slabs are inspected for quality and color consistency. Higher quality grades are selected for countertop fabrication.
Fabrication – Countertops are meticulously fabricated, cut and polished using advanced stoneworking tools. The precise sizing allows for seamless installation.

The combination of natural quartz with polymers and resins results in a non-porous, flexible, low-maintenance surface made of approximately 90% crushed quartz crystals combined with 10% resins. The resins bind the material together for enhanced durability compared to natural stone.

Benefits of Engineered Quartz Countertops

Engineered quartz offers homeowners and designers an array of advantages that make it a top choice for countertops:

Appearance

Consistent pattern and color – Since engineered quartz is manufactured, each slab has a uniform appearance without natural variation. The consistent color and pattern provides a clean, modern look.
Vibrant colors – Pigments added during manufacturing allow engineered quartz to be available in bold, vivid colors not found in nature. Popular options include blues, greens, reds and glossy blacks.
Sparkling appearance – Reflective particles can be added to create a glittering appearance. Light bouncing off the embedded particles makes the surface dazzle.

Durability

Hard, non-porous surface – Made of crushed quartz, one of nature’s hardest materials, engineered quartz rates 7-9 on the Mohs hardness scale, similar to granite. The non-porous surface is highly resistant to scratches and staining.
Heat resistance – Engineered quartz handles heat better than natural stone or solid surface materials. Hot pots and pans can be placed directly on the surface without damage.
Stain proof – The non-porous composition prevents liquid and foods from being absorbed into the material, keeping the surface pristine without staining.
Chip and crack resistant – Durable resins hold the crushed quartz together in a flexible matrix that stands up well to chips and cracks from heavy use. The seamless surface lacks weak grout lines.

Low Maintenance

No sealing required – Since it is non-porous, engineered quartz does not require periodic sealing like natural stone. This makes maintenance quick and easy.
Easily cleaned – Engineered quartz resists water marks, stains, oils and residue. It can be easily wiped clean with a damp cloth and mild cleaner. No special stone cleaners are required.
Mold and bacteria resistant – With a non-porous composition resistant to moisture, engineered quartz does not support the growth of mold, bacteria and microbes like natural stone. This makes it ideal for hygienic kitchen and bath surfaces.

Versatility

Integrated sinks – Seamless engineered quartz sinks can be integrated into the countertop surface for a sophisticated modern look without grout lines and overflow holes.
Thin pieces – Engineered quartz can be fabricated thinner than natural stone for wall panels, tub surrounds and other applications where weight is a concern. Pieces can be as thin as 1/4 inch.
Range of applications – In addition to horizontal surfaces, engineered quartz works well for vertical applications like backsplashes and tub/shower surrounds. The water-resistant properties prevent warping or water damage.

Availability

Abundant supply – Since it is engineered rather than mined, quartz countertops are available in abundant, continuous supply. This prevents issues with regional stone shortages or quarry closures. There is no geographic constraint.
Large slab sizes – Manufactured quartz slabs are available in sizes up to 120 inches x 55 inches, allowing large expansive surfaces with minimal seams. Larger pieces mean less fabrication waste.
Quick installation – Easy fabrication from large slabs allows for fast turnaround. Engineered quartz countertops can often be installed within days rather than the weeks required for natural stone.

How Does Engineered Quartz Compare to Other Countertop Materials?

Engineered quartz is one of the most popular options for modern countertops. Here is how it stacks up against other common surface materials:

vs. Laminate

Laminate is the least expensive option but lacks the durability and aesthetic of natural materials. Engineered quartz provides the look of stone without the cost premium.
Laminate is prone to chipping, scratching, heat damage and water issues. Quartz offers superior durability and stain resistance.
With laminate, the pattered color is printed on the surface and will eventually wear away. The color of quartz runs through the entire slab.

vs. Solid Surface (Corian)

Solid surface is seamless and non-porous but is softer than engineered quartz. Quartz has superior scratch and heat resistance.
Budget solid surface lacks the high-end look of quartz. Upgraded solid surface with integrated sinks can rival the cost of quartz.
Bacteria and mold can discolor lower-grade solid surface over time. Quartz resists microbial growth.

vs. Granite

Granite requires periodic sealing to prevent staining and etching. Quartz is virtually maintenance free.
Granite has natural fissures that can chip and harbor bacteria. Quartz lacks these weak points for more hygienic surfaces.
Granite has natural color variations that may look dated. Engineered quartz has a consistent, modern look popular for contemporary kitchens.
Granite is limited to natural colors and patterns. Quartz offers unlimited options for colors, finishes and embedded aggregates.

vs. Marble

Marble is prone to etching, stains and pits and requires vigilant maintenance. Quartz easily stays pristine with simple cleaning.
Marble lacks the vibrant colors available with engineered quartz. It is limited to natural, muted tones.
Marble has natural veining and variations that some view as imperfections. Quartz has a uniform look.
Marble can develop cracks and chips over time. Quartz is not prone to natural deterioration.

vs. Soapstone

Soapstone requires routine oiling to maintain its appearance. Quartz is essentially maintenance free.
Light colored soapstone can stain from oils and acids. The non-porous quartz surface resists staining.
Soapstone lacks the modern appearance and vibrant colors available with engineered quartz.
Soapstone shows wear over time. Quartz keeps a like-new appearance for years.

Popular Brands of Engineered Quartz

Several leading manufacturers have helped quartz grow into one of the most popular countertop options:

Silestone – One of the first engineered quartz brands introduced in the 1980s. Known for vibrant colors and styles emulating natural stone.
Caesarstone – Marketed as a premium brand, Caesarstone focuses on elegant designs and textures. Offers one of the widest color ranges.
Cambria – Made in the USA, Cambria offers high-end styles and incorporates recycled materials. Provides a lifetime warranty.
Viatera – Quartz countertops with an earth-friendly manufacturing process. Emphasizes emulating natural stone.
LG Viatera – Viatera was acquired by electronics giant LG to market premium quartz surfaces.
Quartz Master – Budget-friendly brand sold through home improvement chains like Lowe’s and Home Depot. More limited colors and warranties.
Samsung Radianz – Part of Samsung’s push into high-end building materials combining quartz and glass particles.
Hanstone – Focuses on technology innovations like antibacterial properties. Used in high-end residential and commercial projects.
Caeserstone – One of the early market leaders, Caeserstone focuses on elegant designs emulating natural stone.
Pokarna Engineered Stone – India-based company specializing in low-maintenance, high durability surfaces for residential and commercial interiors.

How to Choose the Best Engineered Quartz

With the wide range of quartz products available, it is helpful to consider:

Color/pattern – Review the full color range to find an option that aligns with your design vision. Look for options that will remain stylish for years to come.
Finish – Matte finishes hide fingerprints and gloss finishes make colors pop. Determine the amount of shine desired.
Thickness – Thicker 3cm slabs are recommended for kitchen counters to prevent warping. 2cm can suffice for vertical surfaces or less used areas.
Warranty – Leading brands offer 15-year or lifetime warranties. Check coverage details like crack repair, seam performance and stain resistance.
Fabricator – Look for an experienced fabricator that follows manufacturer guidelines. Verify they are certified to install the brand being considered.
Maintenance – Ensure the material can be easily cleaned with standard non-abrasive quartz cleaners available at home improvement stores.
Sustainability – Some brands use recycled materials and environmentally responsible processes. This can help earn LEED green building credits.
Cost – Pricing ranges widely from $50-$100 per square foot depending on the brand and quality. Evaluate cost versus longevity.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does engineered quartz stain?

With a non-porous composition, engineered quartz resists stains remarkably well. Liquids and oils sit on the surface rather than absorbing in. Stains can typically be wiped away with mild cleaners. However, extremely acidic substances like lemon juice when left for prolonged periods can potentially etch lighter finishes.

Does engineered quartz need to be sealed?

No. Since engineered quartz is non-porous, it does not require sealing like natural stone countertops. One of the benefits of engineered quartz is that it keeps its pristine appearance without periodic sealing maintenance.

Can you cut on engineered quartz?

Yes. The durable surface of engineered quartz stands up well to cutting with sharp kitchen knives. The minerals within quartz are harder than standard kitchen cutlery. However, cutting directly on the countertop will eventually dull knives faster than a wood or plastic cutting board. Using a cutting board is recommended to maintain both the knives and countertop.

Does engineered quartz scratch?

Engineered quartz is highly scratch resistant thanks to its hardness and durability. However, like any material, it can potentially scratch under the right circumstances. Scratches are minimized by using cutting boards and avoiding dragging heavy or abrasive objects across the surface. The consistent color and pattern of quartz makes light scratches less noticeable than on granite or solid surface.

Can you paint engineered quartz?

It is not possible to paint engineered quartz countertops. The resins create a non-porous barrier that paint cannot properly adhere to. If attempting to change the color, the quartz surface would need to be removed and replaced with a new material in the desired color.

Is engineered quartz heat resistant?

Engineered quartz has excellent heat resistance qualities that allow hot pots and pans to be placed directly on the surface without damage. However, prolonged exposure to high heat from appliances like crock pots can potentially damage the solid surface material. Using trivets or hot pads is still recommended for very hot cookware.

Does engineered quartz have radon?

Engineered quartz made from crushed natural stone does contain trace amounts of naturally occurring radon gas. However, quartz emits radon at extremely low rates well below hazardous exposure levels. In fact, the radon emissions from quartz countertops are comparable to background levels naturally present in ambient air. Installing quartz poses no significant radon risk.

Is engineered quartz environmentally friendly?

Engineered quartz has eco-friendly attributes that make it one of the greenest countertop options. Key benefits:

Made from abundant natural quartz rather than rare stone
Contains recycled content like glass, mirrors and minerals
Manufacturing emits less CO2 than stone mining and fabrication
Requires less energy and water to manufacture than stone
Can be recycled instead of landfilled at end of life
Low-maintenance and long lifespan prevents replacement waste

Can engineered quartz crack?

One of the advantages of quartz over natural stone is that it has much greater crack and chip resistance. However, the material can potentially crack under extreme force or improper installation. Excessive heat or impact needs to be avoided. Properly supported overhangs are essential to minimize tension. Follow manufacturer guidelines to prevent cracking issues.

Does engineered quartz stain?

Conclusion

With the look and feel of natural stone coupled with enhanced durability and practicality, engineered quartz has fast become a go-to material for today’s kitchen and bath surfaces. Easy maintenance, vibrant colors, innovative designs and eco-friendly composition make quartz an ideal choice for quality, beauty and performance. Continued innovations from leading manufacturers will likely further the popularity of engineered quartz in homes and businesses moving forward.

Here is a recap of some of the key benefits that make engineered quartz an excellent option to consider:

Attractive, consistent appearance without natural stone imperfections
Extremely hard, durable, non-porous and scratch resistant surface
Resists stains, etching, heat damage and microbial growth
Requires no sealing and is easily kept clean
Available in a spectrum of colors and patterns
Can emulate luxurious natural stone for less cost
Seamlessly integrates sinks and other features
Environmentally friendly composition and lifecycle
Quick fabrication and install from abundant supply

For homeowners, designers and builders seeking stylish, practical and innovative surfaces, engineered quartz ticks all the boxes. With the right choice of color, pattern and style for your needs, quartz countertops can be a cherished addition that retains its good looks for many years to come.