Quartz countertops have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their durability, low maintenance, and stylish appearance. However, some concerns have been raised about potential health hazards from VOCs (volatile organic compounds) emitted from quartz surfaces. Here is an in-depth look at the facts around quartz off-gassing and whether quartz countertops release toxic fumes.
What is Quartz?
Quartz countertops, sometimes referred to as engineered stone, are made from ground natural quartz crystals combined with resins and pigments. The quartz material makes up 90-95% of the countertop, while polymers act as the binding agent.
The resins used can include polyester, epoxy, acrylic or phenolic. The combination creates a non-porous, durable material that resists scratches, stains and heat. Quartz requires very little maintenance compared to natural stone.
Do Quartz Countertops Release VOCs?
All quartz countertops do emit some VOCs when they are newly installed. VOCs (volatile organic compounds) are carbon-containing chemicals that easily evaporate at room temperature.
Potential sources of VOCs from quartz surfaces include:
- Adhesives used in installation
- Resins and polymers used to bind the material
- Pigments added for coloration
Studies have detected different VOCs emitted by quartz countertops, including:
- Formaldehyde
- Acetone
- Methanol
- Texanol
- Toluene
The levels measured vary depending on the specific brand and composition.
Are the VOCs From Quartz Countertops Toxic?
The VOCs released by quartz surfaces have raised some health concerns, as exposure to elevated levels of certain compounds can cause irritation or other effects.
However, most experts agree that the levels of VOCs emitted from properly produced quartz countertops are minimal and not considered dangerous.
Here are some key factors to consider:
- Emission levels drop significantly after installation. The majority of off-gassing occurs within the first few days.
- Proper ventilation and curing time allows most VOCs to dissipate. Keeping fresh air circulating will help clear any fumes.
- Quality can vary. Reputable quartz brands test products to ensure VOC emissions are within safe limits.
- Potential sensitivity in some individuals. Those with chemical sensitivities or underlying conditions may experience irritation from low VOC levels.
While VOC exposure should be minimized, quartz countertops are considered very low-risk when produced by major established companies.
Tips to Reduce Quartz Off-Gassing
Though not necessarily hazardous for most people, limiting your exposure to VOCs from a new quartz installation is wise. Here are some helpful tips:
- Increase ventilation – Open windows, use fans, and run range hoods when possible during the first days after installation. This allows VOCs to dissipate.
- Let cure fully – Most off-gassing occurs within the first 72 hours. Allow several days for proper curing before full use.
- Avoid direct contact – Don’t lean over or press your face on a new quartz countertop during the initial curing period.
- Seal surface – Using a quality sealant made for quartz can help minimize residual VOC emissions.
- Clean with gentle cleaner – Harsh cleaners can react with the surface and release more VOCs. Stick to mild soap and water.
Is the Off-Gassing Harmful Long-Term?
Based on extensive research and material testing, there is no evidence that quartz countertops pose any chronic health risks related to off-gassing.
Once the initial curing period has passed, VOC emission levels are considered negligible and safe for daily long-term use.
No cases have been documented of quartz countertops causing health issues after being properly installed and cured. Studies have found VOC levels return to normal background indoor air levels within 1-2 weeks.
While occasional resealing and gentle cleaning is advisable, quartz surfaces do not require intensive ongoing maintenance to remain safe and hygienic in a home environment.
Signs of Excessive Off-Gassing
In rare cases, a quartz countertop may exhibit atypical off-gassing behavior, possibly indicating a manufacturing defect or formulation issue. Here are some warning signs:
- A strong chemical odor persisting more than 2 weeks after installation
- Visible haziness on the surface or fogging of glass objects placed on the countertop
- Signs of surface deterioration or hazing within the first months
- Unusual eye, nose or throat irritation experienced only while in proximity to the countertop
If any of these issues are noticed, it is best to contact the manufacturer for product testing and replacement if a fault is identified. Excessive VOC emissions are not typical and your countertop provider should address any problems that arise.
Are Certain Quartz Brands Better Than Others?
The amount of off-gassing can vary depending on the specific brand and composition of the quartz material. When shopping for a countertop, look for reputable brands that follow careful quality control and testing procedures.
Some examples of leading U.S. quartz manufacturers known for good quality and safety include:
- Cambria
- Caesarstone
- Silestone
- Viatera
- LG Hausys
Reading consumer reviews for different quartz products can help identify options that have little noticeable off-gassing for most customers. Also check that the installer follows all recommended procedures for curing and ventilation.
Conclusion
Quartz countertops will release some VOCs after installation, but off-gassing naturally decreases quickly to minimal levels. With proper ventilation and curing time, quartz surfaces pose little risk of toxic exposure. Allow new countertops to air out, keep the space well-ventilated, and rinse/clean gently. With these simple precautions, you can safely enjoy the durability and beauty of quartz in your home.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does off-gassing last with quartz countertops?
Most off-gassing occurs within the first 3 days after installation. VOC levels significantly decrease within 1-2 weeks. After the initial curing period, emissions drop to negligible amounts in a properly installed quartz countertop.
Should I seal my new quartz countertop?
Sealing is an option to provide extra protection by minimizing pores that could emit VOCs. Look for sealants specifically designed for use on quartz. Always follow the product instructions carefully.
Is there a health risk for babies or pregnant women?
There is no evidence that quartz counters pose a health hazard to babies or pregnant women when installed correctly in a well-ventilated space. Still, it may be prudent to limit proximity and direct contact during the initial 1-2 week curing period.
Should I get a air quality test?
Indoor air quality tests are not usually needed for a typical home quartz installation. They may ease concerns following proper procedures. Look for VOC testing by a qualified technician.
How often should I reseal my quartz countertop after installation?
Sealing is optional, but can be redone every 1-2 years if desired. Always follow the sealant product’s recommended application schedule for quartz surfaces. Proper cleaning is more important than frequent resealing.